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2018 ; 10
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): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Colibactin: More Than a New Bacterial Toxin
#MMPMID29642622
Faïs T
; Delmas J
; Barnich N
; Bonnet R
; Dalmasso G
Toxins (Basel)
2018[Apr]; 10
(4
): ä PMID29642622
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Cyclomodulins are bacterial toxins that interfere with the eukaryotic cell cycle.
A new cyclomodulin called colibactin, which is synthetized by the pks genomic
island, was discovered in 2006. Despite many efforts, colibactin has not yet been
purified, and its structure remains elusive. Interestingly, the pks island is
found in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (mainly Escherichia coli and
Klebsiella pneumoniae) isolated from different origins, including from intestinal
microbiota, septicaemia, newborn meningitis, and urinary tract infections.
Colibactin-producing bacteria induce chromosomal instability and DNA damage in
eukaryotic cells, which leads to senescence of epithelial cells and apoptosis of
immune cells. The pks island is mainly observed in B2 phylogroup E. coli strains,
which include extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli strains, and pksE. coli are
over-represented in biopsies isolated from colorectal cancer. In addition, pksE.
coli bacteria increase the number of tumours in diverse colorectal cancer mouse
models. Thus, colibactin could have a major impact on human health. In the
present review, we will focus on the biological effects of colibactin, the
distribution of the pks island, and summarize what is currently known about its
synthesis and its structure.
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