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2015 ; 112
(40
): 12249-55
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Cold dark matter: Controversies on small scales
#MMPMID25646464
Weinberg DH
; Bullock JS
; Governato F
; Kuzio de Naray R
; Peter AH
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2015[Oct]; 112
(40
): 12249-55
PMID25646464
show ga
The cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological model has been remarkably successful in
explaining cosmic structure over an enormous span of redshift, but it has faced
persistent challenges from observations that probe the innermost regions of dark
matter halos and the properties of the Milky Way's dwarf galaxy satellites. We
review the current observational and theoretical status of these "small-scale
controversies." Cosmological simulations that incorporate only gravity and
collisionless CDM predict halos with abundant substructure and central densities
that are too high to match constraints from galaxy dynamics. The solution could
lie in baryonic physics: Recent numerical simulations and analytical models
suggest that gravitational potential fluctuations tied to efficient supernova
feedback can flatten the central cusps of halos in massive galaxies, and a
combination of feedback and low star formation efficiency could explain why most
of the dark matter subhalos orbiting the Milky Way do not host visible galaxies.
However, it is not clear that this solution can work in the lowest mass galaxies,
where discrepancies are observed. Alternatively, the small-scale conflicts could
be evidence of more complex physics in the dark sector itself. For example,
elastic scattering from strong dark matter self-interactions can alter predicted
halo mass profiles, leading to good agreement with observations across a wide
range of galaxy mass. Gravitational lensing and dynamical perturbations of tidal
streams in the stellar halo provide evidence for an abundant population of
low-mass subhalos in accord with CDM predictions. These observational approaches
will get more powerful over the next few years.