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2014 ; 27
(4
): 870-926
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Coagulase-negative staphylococci
#MMPMID25278577
Becker K
; Heilmann C
; Peters G
Clin Microbiol Rev
2014[Oct]; 27
(4
): 870-926
PMID25278577
show ga
The definition of the heterogeneous group of coagulase-negative staphylococci
(CoNS) is still based on diagnostic procedures that fulfill the clinical need to
differentiate between Staphylococcus aureus and those staphylococci classified
historically as being less or nonpathogenic. Due to patient- and
procedure-related changes, CoNS now represent one of the major nosocomial
pathogens, with S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus being the most significant
species. They account substantially for foreign body-related infections and
infections in preterm newborns. While S. saprophyticus has been associated with
acute urethritis, S. lugdunensis has a unique status, in some aspects resembling
S. aureus in causing infectious endocarditis. In addition to CoNS found as
food-associated saprophytes, many other CoNS species colonize the skin and mucous
membranes of humans and animals and are less frequently involved in clinically
manifested infections. This blurred gradation in terms of pathogenicity is
reflected by species- and strain-specific virulence factors and the development
of different host-defending strategies. Clearly, CoNS possess fewer virulence
properties than S. aureus, with a respectively different disease spectrum. In
this regard, host susceptibility is much more important. Therapeutically, CoNS
are challenging due to the large proportion of methicillin-resistant strains and
increasing numbers of isolates with less susceptibility to glycopeptides.