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2015 ; 113
(10
): 3943-53
Nephropedia Template TP
Pak N
; Siegle JH
; Kinney JP
; Denman DJ
; Blanche TJ
; Boyden ES
J Neurophysiol
2015[Jun]; 113
(10
): 3943-53
PMID25855700
show ga
A large array of neuroscientific techniques, including in vivo electrophysiology,
two-photon imaging, optogenetics, lesions, and microdialysis, require access to
the brain through the skull. Ideally, the necessary craniotomies could be
performed in a repeatable and automated fashion, without damaging the underlying
brain tissue. Here we report that when drilling through the skull a stereotypical
increase in conductance can be observed when the drill bit passes through the
skull base. We present an architecture for a robotic device that can perform this
algorithm, along with two implementations--one based on homebuilt hardware and
one based on commercially available hardware--that can automatically detect such
changes and create large numbers of precise craniotomies, even in a single skull.
We also show that this technique can be adapted to automatically drill cranial
windows several millimeters in diameter. Such robots will not only be useful for
helping neuroscientists perform both small and large craniotomies more reliably
but can also be used to create precisely aligned arrays of craniotomies with
stereotaxic registration to standard brain atlases that would be difficult to
drill by hand.
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