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2015 ; 16
(5
): 312-8
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Circular RNAs in Eukaryotic Cells
#MMPMID27047251
Chen L
; Huang C
; Wang X
; Shan G
Curr Genomics
2015[Oct]; 16
(5
): 312-8
PMID27047251
show ga
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are now recognized as large species of transcripts in
eukaryotic cells. From model organisms such as C. elegans, Drosophila, mice to
human beings, thousands of circRNAs formed from back-splicing of exons have been
identified. The known complexity of transcriptome has been greatly expanded upon
the discovery of these RNAs. Studies about the biogenesis and physiological
functions have yielded substantial knowledge for the circRNAs, and they are now
more likely to be viewed as regulatory elements coded by the genome rather than
unavoidable noise of gene expression. Certain human diseases may also relate to
circRNAs. These circRNAs show diversifications in features such as sequence
composition and cellular localization, and thus we propose that they may be
divided into subtypes such as cytoplasmic circRNAs, nuclear circRNAs, and
exon-intron circRNAs (EIciRNAs). Here we summarize and discuss knowns and
unknowns for these RNAs, and we need to keep in mind that the whole field is
still at the beginning of exciting explorations.