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2015 ; 10
(11
): e0143739
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Chromosome Architecture and Genome Organization
#MMPMID26619076
Bernardi G
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(11
): e0143739
PMID26619076
show ga
How the same DNA sequences can function in the three-dimensional architecture of
interphase nucleus, fold in the very compact structure of metaphase chromosomes
and go precisely back to the original interphase architecture in the following
cell cycle remains an unresolved question to this day. The strategy used to
address this issue was to analyze the correlations between chromosome
architecture and the compositional patterns of DNA sequences spanning a size
range from a few hundreds to a few thousands Kilobases. This is a critical range
that encompasses isochores, interphase chromatin domains and boundaries, and
chromosomal bands. The solution rests on the following key points: 1) the
transition from the looped domains and sub-domains of interphase chromatin to the
30-nm fiber loops of early prophase chromosomes goes through the unfolding into
an extended chromatin structure (probably a 10-nm "beads-on-a-string" structure);
2) the architectural proteins of interphase chromatin, such as CTCF and cohesin
sub-units, are retained in mitosis and are part of the discontinuous protein
scaffold of mitotic chromosomes; 3) the conservation of the link between
architectural proteins and their binding sites on DNA through the cell cycle
explains the "mitotic memory" of interphase architecture and the reversibility of
the interphase to mitosis process. The results presented here also lead to a
general conclusion which concerns the existence of correlations between the
isochore organization of the genome and the architecture of chromosomes from
interphase to metaphase.