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English Wikipedia
Chorea: A Journey through History
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The original descriptions of chorea date from the Middle Ages, when an epidemic
of "dancing mania" swept throughout Europe. The condition was initially
considered a curse sent by a saint, but was named "Saint Vitus's dance" because
afflicted individuals were cured if they touched churches storing Saint Vitus's
relics. Paracelsus coined the term chorea Sancti Viti and recognized different
forms of chorea (imaginativa, lasciva, and naturalis). In the 17th century,
Thomas Sydenham provided an accurate description of what he termed chorea minor.
He also described rheumatic fever but did not associate it with chorea. It was
only in 1850 that See established a relationship between chorea and rheumatic
disease. A connection with cardiac involvement was soon recognized and in 1866
Roger postulated that chorea, arthritis, and heart disease had a common cause.
The last quarter of the 19th century is marked by the works of Jean-Martin
Charcot, Silas Weir Mitchell, William Osler, and William Richard Gowers, all of
paramount importance in the refinement of the definition of chorea, its causes,
and differential diagnosis. In 1841, Charles Oscar Waters gave a concise account
of a syndrome, likely to be Huntington's disease (HD), later described further by
George Huntington and named after him. In 1955, the Venezuelan physician Americo
Negrette published a book describing communities in the State of Zulia in
Venezuela, with unusual numbers of individuals with chorea. Negrette's works
culminated in the creation of the Venezuela project and the subsequent discovery
of seminal findings in HD. We review the historical facts and outstanding
physicians that mark both HD and Sydenham's chorea's history in various sections.
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