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2015 ; 40
(11
): 648-661
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Chemistry and Biology of Self-Cleaving Ribozymes
#MMPMID26481500
Jimenez RM
; Polanco JA
; Lupták A
Trends Biochem Sci
2015[Nov]; 40
(11
): 648-661
PMID26481500
show ga
Self-cleaving ribozymes were discovered 30 years ago, but their biological
distribution and catalytic mechanisms are only beginning to be defined. Each
ribozyme family is defined by a distinct structure, with unique active sites
accelerating the same transesterification reaction across the families.
Biochemical studies show that general acid-base catalysis is the most common
mechanism of self-cleavage, but metal ions and metabolites can be used as
cofactors. Ribozymes have been discovered in highly diverse genomic contexts
throughout nature, from viroids to vertebrates. Their biological roles include
self-scission during rolling-circle replication of RNA genomes,
co-transcriptional processing of retrotransposons, and metabolite-dependent gene
expression regulation in bacteria. Other examples, including highly conserved
mammalian ribozymes, suggest that many new biological roles are yet to be
discovered.