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2018 ; 238
(2
): R79-R94
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Chemerin: a multifaceted adipokine involved in metabolic disorders
#MMPMID29848608
Helfer G
; Wu QF
J Endocrinol
2018[Aug]; 238
(2
): R79-R94
PMID29848608
show ga
Metabolic syndrome is a global public health problem and predisposes individuals
to obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although the underlying
mechanisms remain to be elucidated, accumulating evidence has uncovered a
critical role of adipokines. Chemerin, encoded by the gene Rarres2, is a newly
discovered adipokine involved in inflammation, adipogenesis, angiogenesis and
energy metabolism. In humans, local and circulating levels of chemerin are
positively correlated with BMI and obesity-related biomarkers. In this review, we
discuss both peripheral and central roles of chemerin in regulating body
metabolism. In general, chemerin is upregulated in obese and diabetic animals.
Previous studies by gain or loss of function show an association of chemerin with
adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis, food intake and body weight. In the brain, the
hypothalamus integrates peripheral afferent signals including adipokines to
regulate appetite and energy homeostasis. Chemerin increases food intake in
seasonal animals by acting on hypothalamic stem cells, the tanycytes. In
peripheral tissues, chemerin increases cell expansion, inflammation and
angiogenesis in adipose tissue, collectively resulting in adiposity. While
chemerin signalling enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic islets,
contradictory results have been reported on how chemerin links to obesity and
insulin resistance. Given the association of chemerin with obesity comorbidities
in humans, advances in translational research targeting chemerin are expected to
mitigate metabolic disorders. Together, the exciting findings gathered in the
last decade clearly indicate a crucial multifaceted role for chemerin in the
regulation of energy balance, making it a promising candidate for urgently needed
pharmacological treatment strategies for obesity.
|Adipokines/physiology
[MESH]
|Adiposity/physiology
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Appetite Regulation/genetics
[MESH]
|Chemokines/*physiology
[MESH]
|Energy Metabolism/physiology
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Insulin Resistance/genetics
[MESH]
|Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*physiology
[MESH]