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2014 ; 119
(ä): 460-93
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Characterization of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing
#MMPMID26601040
Slotwinski JA
; Garboczi EJ
; Stutzman PE
; Ferraris CF
; Watson SS
; Peltz MA
J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol
2014[]; 119
(ä): 460-93
PMID26601040
show ga
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques can produce complex, high-value metal
parts, with potential applications as critical parts, such as those found in
aerospace components. The production of AM parts with consistent and predictable
properties requires input materials (e.g., metal powders) with known and
repeatable characteristics, which in turn requires standardized measurement
methods for powder properties. First, based on our previous work, we assess the
applicability of current standardized methods for powder characterization for
metal AM powders. Then we present the results of systematic studies carried out
on two different powder materials used for additive manufacturing: stainless
steel and cobalt-chrome. The characterization of these powders is important in
NIST efforts to develop appropriate measurements and standards for additive
materials and to document the property of powders used in a NIST-led additive
manufacturing material round robin. An extensive array of characterization
techniques was applied to these two powders, in both virgin and recycled states.
The physical techniques included laser diffraction particle size analysis, X-ray
computed tomography for size and shape analysis, and optical and scanning
electron microscopy. Techniques sensitive to structure and chemistry, including
X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive analytical X-ray analysis using the X-rays
generated during scanning electron microscopy, and X-Ray photoelectron
spectroscopy were also employed. The results of these analyses show how virgin
powder changes after being exposed to and recycled from one or more Direct Metal
Laser Sintering (DMLS) additive manufacturing build cycles. In addition, these
findings can give insight into the actual additive manufacturing process.