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2014 ; 30
(2
): 119-28
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Characteristics of sensitization associated with chronic pain conditions
#MMPMID23629594
Vierck CJ
; Wong F
; King CD
; Mauderli AP
; Schmidt S
; Riley JL 3rd
Clin J Pain
2014[Feb]; 30
(2
): 119-28
PMID23629594
show ga
OBJECTIVES: To describe and understand varieties and characteristics of
sensitization contributing to hyperalgesia in participants with chronic pain
conditions. METHODS: Thermal stimulation was delivered to the face, forearm, and
calf of pain-free participants and individuals with irritable bowel syndrome,
temporomandibular pain disorder (TMD), and fibromyalgia syndrome (FM).
Three-second contacts by a preheated thermode occurred at 30-second intervals in
ascending and then in descending series (0.7°C steps). RESULTS: Thermal pain
ratings during ascending series were greater at each site in individuals
diagnosed with chronic pain. Intense pain at the time of testing further enhanced
the ratings at all sites, but mild or moderate clinical pain did not have this
effect. Thermal pain in all participants was greater during descending series
compared with the ascending series of arm and leg stimulation. The
hypersensitivity during the descending series was comparable in pain-free, FM and
TMD participants but was increased in duration for arm or leg stimulation of FM
participants. DISCUSSION: The widespread sensitization for irritable bowel
syndrome and TMD participants does not rely on mechanisms of spatial and temporal
summation often invoked to explain widespread hyperalgesia associated with
chronic pain. Increased sensitivity during descending series of stimulation of an
arm or leg but not the face indicates a propensity for sensitization of
nociceptive input to the spinal cord. Abnormally prolonged sensitization for FM
participants reveals a unique influence of widespread chronic pain referred to
deep somatic tissues.