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2016 ; 6
(ä): 26057
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Characteristics of Mitochondrial Transformation into Human Cells
#MMPMID27184109
Kesner EE
; Saada-Reich A
; Lorberboum-Galski H
Sci Rep
2016[May]; 6
(ä): 26057
PMID27184109
show ga
Mitochondria can be incorporated into mammalian cells by simple co-incubation of
isolated mitochondria with cells, without the need of transfection reagents or
any other type of intervention. This phenomenon was termed mitochondrial
transformation, and although it was discovered in 1982, currently little is known
regarding its mechanism(s). Here we demonstrate that mitochondria can be
transformed into recipient cells very quickly, and co-localize with endogenous
mitochondria. The isolated mitochondria interact directly with cells, which
engulf the mitochondria with cellular extensions in a way, which may suggest the
involvement of macropinocytosis or macropinocytosis-like mechanisms in
mitochondrial transformation. Indeed, macropinocytosis inhibitors but not
clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibition-treatments, blocks mitochondria
transformation. The integrity of the mitochondrial outer membrane and its
proteins is essential for the transformation of the mitochondria into cells;
cells can distinguish mitochondria from similar particles and transform only
intact mitochondria. Mitochondrial transformation is blocked in the presence of
the heparan sulfate molecules pentosan polysulfate and heparin, which indicate
crucial involvement of cellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the
mitochondrial transformation process.