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2017 ; 11
(ä): 145
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Chaperones in Polyglutamine Aggregation: Beyond the Q-Stretch
#MMPMID28386214
Kuiper EF
; de Mattos EP
; Jardim LB
; Kampinga HH
; Bergink S
Front Neurosci
2017[]; 11
(ä): 145
PMID28386214
show ga
Expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) stretches in at least nine unrelated proteins lead
to inherited neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. The expansion size in all
diseases correlates with age at onset (AO) of disease and with polyQ protein
aggregation, indicating that the expanded polyQ stretch is the main driving force
for the disease onset. Interestingly, there is marked interpatient variability in
expansion thresholds for a given disease. Between different polyQ diseases the
repeat length vs. AO also indicates the existence of modulatory effects on
aggregation of the upstream and downstream amino acid sequences flanking the Q
expansion. This can be either due to intrinsic modulation of aggregation by the
flanking regions, or due to differential interaction with other proteins, such as
the components of the cellular protein quality control network. Indeed, several
lines of evidence suggest that molecular chaperones have impact on the handling
of different polyQ proteins. Here, we review factors differentially influencing
polyQ aggregation: the Q-stretch itself, modulatory flanking sequences,
interaction partners, cleavage of polyQ-containing proteins, and
post-translational modifications, with a special focus on the role of molecular
chaperones. By discussing typical examples of how these factors influence
aggregation, we provide more insight on the variability of AO between different
diseases as well as within the same polyQ disorder, on the molecular level.