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Cerebro-cerebellar circuits in autism spectrum disorder
#MMPMID26594140
D'Mello AM
; Stoodley CJ
Front Neurosci
2015[]; 9
(?): 408
PMID26594140
show ga
The cerebellum is one of the most consistent sites of abnormality in autism
spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebellar damage is associated with an increased
risk of ASD symptoms, suggesting that cerebellar dysfunction may play a crucial
role in the etiology of ASD. The cerebellum forms multiple closed-loop circuits
with cerebral cortical regions that underpin movement, language, and social
processing. Through these circuits, cerebellar dysfunction could impact the core
ASD symptoms of social and communication deficits and repetitive and stereotyped
behaviors. The emerging topography of sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective
subregions in the cerebellum provides a new framework for interpreting the
significance of regional cerebellar findings in ASD and their relationship to
broader cerebro-cerebellar circuits. Further, recent research supports the idea
that the integrity of cerebro-cerebellar loops might be important for early
cortical development; disruptions in specific cerebro-cerebellar loops in ASD
might impede the specialization of cortical regions involved in motor control,
language, and social interaction, leading to impairments in these domains.
Consistent with this concept, structural, and functional differences in
sensorimotor regions of the cerebellum and sensorimotor cerebro-cerebellar
circuits are associated with deficits in motor control and increased repetitive
and stereotyped behaviors in ASD. Further, communication and social impairments
are associated with atypical activation and structure in cerebro-cerebellar loops
underpinning language and social cognition. Finally, there is converging evidence
from structural, functional, and connectivity neuroimaging studies that
cerebellar right Crus I/II abnormalities are related to more severe ASD
impairments in all domains. We propose that cerebellar abnormalities may disrupt
optimization of both structure and function in specific cerebro-cerebellar
circuits in ASD.