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10.1038/nature21726 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1038/nature21726 C5532014!5532014 !28321129     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=28321129 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\28321129 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Nature 2017 ; 544 (7648 ): 96-100 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=28321129 |t=2017. Cerebellar granule cells encode the expectation of reward |pdf=|usr=}}{{28321129 }} gab.com Text Cerebellar granule cells encode the expectation of reward JO: Nature http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28321129 #FOAvip The human brain contains approximately 60 billion cerebellar granule cells, which outnumber all other brain neurons combined. Classical theories posit that a large, diverse population of granule cells allows for highly detailed representations of sensorimotor context, enabling downstream Purkinje cells to sense fine contextual changes. Although evidence suggests a role for the cerebellum in cognition, granule cells are known to encode only sensory and motor context. Here, using two-photon calcium imaging in behaving mice, we show that granule cells convey information about the expectation of reward. Mice initiated voluntary forelimb movements for delayed sugar-water reward. Some granule cells responded preferentially to reward or reward omission, whereas others selectively encoded reward anticipation. Reward responses were not restricted to forelimb movement, as a Pavlovian task evoked similar responses. Compared to predictable rewards, unexpected rewards elicited markedly different granule cell activity despite identical stimuli and licking responses. In both tasks, reward signals were widespread throughout multiple cerebellar lobules. Tracking the same granule cells over several days of learning revealed that cells with reward-anticipating responses emerged from those that responded at the start of learning to reward delivery, whereas reward-omission responses grew stronger as learning progressed. The discovery of predictive, non-sensorimotor encoding in granule cells is a major departure from the current understanding of these neurons and markedly enriches the contextual information available to postsynaptic Purkinje cells, with important implications for cognitive processing in the cerebellum. Twit Text FOAVip Cerebellar granule cells encode the expectation of reward ????Nature http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28321129 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28321129 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|28321129 }}</ref> Cerebellar granule cells encode the expectation of reward #MMPMID28321129 Wagner MJ ; Kim TH ; Savall J ; Schnitzer MJ ; Luo L Nature 2017[Apr]; 544 (7648 ): 96-100 PMID28321129 show ga The human brain contains approximately 60 billion cerebellar granule cells, which outnumber all other brain neurons combined. Classical theories posit that a large, diverse population of granule cells allows for highly detailed representations of sensorimotor context, enabling downstream Purkinje cells to sense fine contextual changes. Although evidence suggests a role for the cerebellum in cognition, granule cells are known to encode only sensory and motor context. Here, using two-photon calcium imaging in behaving mice, we show that granule cells convey information about the expectation of reward. Mice initiated voluntary forelimb movements for delayed sugar-water reward. Some granule cells responded preferentially to reward or reward omission, whereas others selectively encoded reward anticipation. Reward responses were not restricted to forelimb movement, as a Pavlovian task evoked similar responses. Compared to predictable rewards, unexpected rewards elicited markedly different granule cell activity despite identical stimuli and licking responses. In both tasks, reward signals were widespread throughout multiple cerebellar lobules. Tracking the same granule cells over several days of learning revealed that cells with reward-anticipating responses emerged from those that responded at the start of learning to reward delivery, whereas reward-omission responses grew stronger as learning progressed. The discovery of predictive, non-sensorimotor encoding in granule cells is a major departure from the current understanding of these neurons and markedly enriches the contextual information available to postsynaptic Purkinje cells, with important implications for cognitive processing in the cerebellum. |*Reward [MESH] |Animals [MESH] |Anticipation, Psychological/*physiology [MESH] |Behavior, Animal/physiology [MESH] |Calcium/analysis/metabolism [MESH] |Cerebellum/*cytology/*physiology [MESH] |Cognition/physiology [MESH] |Conditioning, Classical/physiology [MESH] |Conditioning, Operant/physiology [MESH] |Female [MESH] |Forelimb/physiology [MESH] |Learning/*physiology [MESH] |Male [MESH] |Mice [MESH] |Molecular Imaging [MESH] |Movement [MESH] |Neurons/*physiology [MESH]Cerebellar granule cells encode the expectation of reward (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing