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2014 ; 369
(1650
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Centriole structure
#MMPMID25047611
Winey M
; O'Toole E
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2014[Sep]; 369
(1650
): ä PMID25047611
show ga
Centrioles are among the largest protein-based structures found in most cell
types, measuring approximately 250 nm in diameter and approximately 500 nm long
in vertebrate cells. Here, we briefly review ultrastructural observations about
centrioles and associated structures. At the core of most centrioles is a
microtubule scaffold formed from a radial array of nine triplet microtubules.
Beyond the microtubule triplets of the centriole, we discuss the critically
important cartwheel structure and the more enigmatic luminal density, both found
on the inside of the centriole. Finally, we discuss the connectors between
centrioles, and the distal and subdistal appendages outside of the microtubule
scaffold that reflect centriole age and impart special functions to the
centriole. Most of the work we review has been done with electron microscopy or
electron tomography of resin-embedded samples, but we also highlight recent work
performed with cryoelectron microscopy, cryotomography and subvolume averaging.
Significant opportunities remain in the description of centriolar structure, both
in mapping of component proteins within the structure and in determining the
effect of mutations on components that contribute to the structure and function
of the centriole.
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