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2006 ; 10
(4
): 847-56
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Cellular secretion studied by force microscopy
#MMPMID17125589
Allison DP
; Doktycz MJ
J Cell Mol Med
2006[Oct]; 10
(4
): 847-56
PMID17125589
show ga
Using the optical microscope, real adventures in cellular research began in
earnest in the latter half of the nineteenth century. With the development of the
electron microscope, ultramicroscopy, and improved cell staining techniques,
significant advances were made in defining intracellular structures at the
nanometer level. The invention of force microscopy, the atomic force microscope
(AFM) in the mid 1980s, and the photonic force microscope (PFM) in the mid 1990s,
finally provided the opportunity to study live cellular structure-function at the
nanometer level. Working with the AFM, dynamic cellular and subcellular events at
the molecular level were captured in the mid 1990s, and a new cellular structure
'the porosome' in the plasma membrane of all secretory cells has been defined,
where specific docking and fusion of secretory vesicles occur. The molecular
mechanism of fusion of the secretory vesicle membrane at the base of the porosome
membrane in cells, and the regulated release of intravesicular contents through
the porosome opening to the extracellular space, has been determined. These
seminal discoveries provide for the first time a molecular mechanism of cell
secretion, and the possibility to ameliorate secretory defects in disease states.
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