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2013 ; 5
(6
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Cellular mechanisms controlling caspase activation and function
#MMPMID23732469
Parrish AB
; Freel CD
; Kornbluth S
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
2013[Jun]; 5
(6
): ä PMID23732469
show ga
Caspases are the primary drivers of apoptotic cell death, cleaving cellular
proteins that are critical for dismantling the dying cell. Initially translated
as inactive zymogenic precursors, caspases are activated in response to a variety
of cell death stimuli. In addition to factors required for their direct
activation (e.g., dimerizing adaptor proteins in the case of initiator caspases
that lie at the apex of apoptotic signaling cascades), caspases are regulated by
a variety of cellular factors in a myriad of physiological and pathological
settings. For example, caspases may be modified posttranslationally (e.g., by
phosphorylation or ubiquitylation) or through interaction of modulatory factors
with either the zymogenic or active form of a caspase, altering its activation
and/or activity. These regulatory events may inhibit or enhance enzymatic
activity or may affect activity toward particular cellular substrates. Finally,
there is emerging literature to suggest that caspases can participate in a
variety of cellular processes unrelated to apoptotic cell death. In these
settings, it is particularly important that caspases are maintained under
stringent control to avoid inadvertent cell death. It is likely that continued
examination of these processes will reveal new mechanisms of caspase regulation
with implications well beyond control of apoptotic cell death.