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2018 ; 9
(ä): 824
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Cellular Mechanotransduction: From Tension to Function
#MMPMID30026699
Martino F
; Perestrelo AR
; Vinarský V
; Pagliari S
; Forte G
Front Physiol
2018[]; 9
(ä): 824
PMID30026699
show ga
Living cells are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli arising from the
surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) or from neighboring cells. The
intracellular molecular processes through which such physical cues are
transformed into a biological response are collectively dubbed as
mechanotransduction and are of fundamental importance to help the cell timely
adapt to the continuous dynamic modifications of the microenvironment. Local
changes in ECM composition and mechanics are driven by a feed forward interplay
between the cell and the matrix itself, with the first depositing ECM proteins
that in turn will impact on the surrounding cells. As such, these changes occur
regularly during tissue development and are a hallmark of the pathologies of
aging. Only lately, though, the importance of mechanical cues in controlling cell
function (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, migration) has been acknowledged.
Here we provide a critical review of the recent insights into the molecular basis
of cellular mechanotransduction, by analyzing how mechanical stimuli get
transformed into a given biological response through the activation of a peculiar
genetic program. Specifically, by recapitulating the processes involved in the
interpretation of ECM remodeling by Focal Adhesions at cell-matrix interphase, we
revise the role of cytoskeleton tension as the second messenger of the
mechanotransduction process and the action of mechano-responsive shuttling
proteins converging on stage and cell-specific transcription factors. Finally, we
give few paradigmatic examples highlighting the emerging role of malfunctions in
cell mechanosensing apparatus in the onset and progression of pathologies.