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2018 ; 10
(2
): 213-221
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Cell fusion in the liver, revisited
#MMPMID29527257
Lizier M
; Castelli A
; Montagna C
; Lucchini F
; Vezzoni P
; Faggioli F
World J Hepatol
2018[Feb]; 10
(2
): 213-221
PMID29527257
show ga
There is wide agreement that cell fusion is a physiological process in cells in
mammalian bone, muscle and placenta. In other organs, such as the cerebellum,
cell fusion is controversial. The liver contains a considerable number of
polyploid cells: They are commonly believed to originate by genome
endoreplication, although the contribution of cell fusion to polyploidization has
not been excluded. Here, we address the topic of cell fusion in the liver from a
historical point of view. We discuss experimental evidence clearly supporting the
hypothesis that cell fusion occurs in the liver, specifically when bone marrow
cells were injected into mice and shown to rescue genetic hepatic degenerative
defects. Those experiments-carried out in the latter half of the last
century-were initially interpreted to show "transdifferentiation", but are now
believed to demonstrate fusion between donor macrophages and host hepatocytes,
raising the possibility that physiologically polyploid cells, such as
hepatocytes, could originate, at least partially, through homotypic cell fusion.
In support of the homotypic cell fusion hypothesis, we present new data generated
using a chimera-based model, a much simpler model than those previously used.
Cell fusion as a road to polyploidization in the liver has not been extensively
investigated, and its contribution to a variety of conditions, such as viral
infections, carcinogenesis and aging, remains unclear.