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2007 ; 11
(6
): 1214-24
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Cell death in health and disease
#MMPMID18031301
Lockshin RA
; Zakeri Z
J Cell Mol Med
2007[Nov]; 11
(6
): 1214-24
PMID18031301
show ga
Cell death is clearly an important factor in development, homeostasis, pathology,
and in aging, but medical efforts based on controlling cell death have not become
major aspects of medicine. There are several reasons why hopes have been slow to
be fulfilled, and they present indications for new directions in research. Most
effort has focused on the machinery of cell death, or the proximate effectors of
apoptosis and their closely-associated and interacting proteins. But cells have
many options other than apoptosis. These include autophagy, necrosis, atrophy,
and stepwise or other alternate means of self-disassembly. The response of a cell
to a noxious or otherwise intimidating signal will depend heavily on the history,
lineage, and current status of the cell. Many metabolic and other processes
adjust the sensitivity of cells to signals, and viruses aggressively attempt to
regulate the death of their host cells. Another complicating factor is that many
death-associated proteins may have functions totally unrelated to their role in
cell death, generating the possibility of undesirable side effects if one
interferes with them. In the future, the challenge will be more to understand the
challenge to the cell from a more global standpoint, including many more aspects
of metabolism, and work toward alleviating or provoking the challenge in a
targeted fashion.
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