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2016 ; 118
(6
): 1021-40
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Cardiac Fibrosis: The Fibroblast Awakens
#MMPMID26987915
Travers JG
; Kamal FA
; Robbins J
; Yutzey KE
; Blaxall BC
Circ Res
2016[Mar]; 118
(6
): 1021-40
PMID26987915
show ga
Myocardial fibrosis is a significant global health problem associated with nearly
all forms of heart disease. Cardiac fibroblasts comprise an essential cell type
in the heart that is responsible for the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix;
however, upon injury, these cells transform to a myofibroblast phenotype and
contribute to cardiac fibrosis. This remodeling involves pathological changes
that include chamber dilation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, and
ultimately leads to the progression to heart failure. Despite the critical
importance of fibrosis in cardiovascular disease, our limited understanding of
the cardiac fibroblast impedes the development of potential therapies that
effectively target this cell type and its pathological contribution to disease
progression. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the origins and
roles of fibroblasts, mediators and signaling pathways known to influence
fibroblast function after myocardial injury, as well as novel therapeutic
strategies under investigation to attenuate cardiac fibrosis.
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