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2014 ; 8
(5-6
): 327-37
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Carboxypeptidases in disease: insights from peptidomic studies
#MMPMID24470285
Sapio MR
; Fricker LD
Proteomics Clin Appl
2014[Jun]; 8
(5-6
): 327-37
PMID24470285
show ga
Carboxypeptidases (CPs) perform many diverse physiological functions by removing
C-terminal amino acids from proteins and peptides. Some CPs function in the
degradation of proteins in the digestive tract while other enzymes play
biosynthetic roles in the formation of neuropeptides and peptide hormones.
Another set of CPs modify tubulin by removing amino acids from the C-terminus and
from polyglutamyl side chains, thereby altering the properties of microtubules.
This review focuses on three CPs: carboxypeptidase E, carboxypeptidase A6, and
cytosolic carboxypeptidase 1. Naturally occurring mutations in all three of these
enzymes are associated with disease phenotypes, ranging from obesity to epilepsy
to neurodegeneration. Peptidomics is a useful tool to investigate the
relationship between these mutations and alterations in peptide levels. This
technique has also been used to define the function and characteristics of CPs.
Results from peptidomics studies have helped to elucidate the function of CPs and
clarify the biological underpinnings of pathologies by identifying peptides
altered in disease states. This review describes the use of peptidomic techniques
to gain insights into the normal function of CPs and the molecular defects caused
by mutations in the enzymes.