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2016 ; 95
(1 Suppl 1
): S2-S7
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Cancer stem cells: understanding tumor hierarchy and heterogeneity
#MMPMID27611934
Rich JN
Medicine (Baltimore)
2016[Sep]; 95
(1 Suppl 1
): S2-S7
PMID27611934
show ga
Heterogeneity within and between tumors is a well-known phenomenon that greatly
complicates the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A large body of research
indicates that heterogeneity develops through time as tumor-initiating stem
cells, also known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), evolve genetic or epigenetic
alterations that allow them to differentiate into multiple tumor cell types.
Similar to normal stem cells, CSCs can self-renew and possess long-term
repopulation potential. However, unlike normal stem cells, CSCs are not subject
to the usual controls that limit growth. Different models have been postulated to
explain the heterogeneity of tumors, but it is widely agreed that interactions
between tumor cells and their microenvironment create niches that promote CSC
properties and enable their survival. Within the microenvironment, CSC
self-renewal, replication, and differentiation are postulated to produce a
hierarchy of cells constituting the tumor mass. Increased understanding of the
factors that create and contribute to tumor heterogeneity may support the design
of therapies that affect CSC function and their microenvironments.
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