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2016 ; 17
(10
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Cancer Cell Colonisation in the Bone Microenvironment
#MMPMID27782035
Kan C
; Vargas G
; Pape FL
; Clézardin P
Int J Mol Sci
2016[Oct]; 17
(10
): ä PMID27782035
show ga
Bone metastases are a common complication of epithelial cancers, of which breast,
prostate and lung carcinomas are the most common. The establishment of cancer
cells to distant sites such as the bone microenvironment requires multiple steps.
Tumour cells can acquire properties to allow epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition, extravasation and migration. Within the bone metastatic niche,
disseminated tumour cells may enter a dormancy stage or proliferate to adapt and
survive, interacting with bone cells such as hematopoietic stem cells,
osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Cross-talk with the bone may alter tumour cell
properties and, conversely, tumour cells may also acquire characteristics of the
surrounding microenvironment, in a process known as osteomimicry. Alternatively,
these cells may also express osteomimetic genes that allow cell survival or
favour seeding to the bone marrow. The seeding of tumour cells in the bone
disrupts bone-forming and bone-resorbing activities, which can lead to
macrometastasis in bone. At present, bone macrometastases are incurable with only
palliative treatment available. A better understanding of how these processes
influence the early onset of bone metastasis may give insight into potential
therapies. This review will focus on the early steps of bone colonisation, once
disseminated tumour cells enter the bone marrow.
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