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2017 ; 28
(5
): 1248-1255
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Camouflaging moving objects: crypsis and masquerade
#MMPMID29622927
Hall JR
; Baddeley R
; Scott-Samuel NE
; Shohet AJ
; Cuthill IC
Behav Ecol
2017[Sep]; 28
(5
): 1248-1255
PMID29622927
show ga
Motion is generally assumed to "break" camouflage. However, although camouflage
cannot conceal a group of moving animals, it may impair a predator's ability to
single one out for attack, even if that discrimination is not based on a color
difference. Here, we use a computer-based task in which humans had to detect the
odd one out among moving objects, with "oddity" based on shape. All objects were
either patterned or plain, and either matched the background or not. We show that
there are advantages of matching both group-mates and the background. However,
when patterned objects are on a plain background (i.e., no background matching),
the advantage of being among similarly patterned distractors is only realized
when the group size is larger (10 compared to 5). In a second experiment, we
present a paradigm for testing how coloration interferes with target-distractor
discrimination, based on an adaptive staircase procedure for establishing the
threshold. We show that when the predator only has a short time for
decision-making, displaying a similar pattern to the distractors and the
background affords protection even when the difference in shape between target
and distractors is large. We conclude that, even though motion breaks camouflage,
being camouflaged could help group-living animals reduce the risk of being
singled out for attack by predators.
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