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2016 ; 594
(8
): 2043-60
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Calorie restriction as an intervention in ageing
#MMPMID26607973
López-Lluch G
; Navas P
J Physiol
2016[Apr]; 594
(8
): 2043-60
PMID26607973
show ga
Ageing causes loss of function in tissues and organs, is accompanied by a chronic
inflammatory process and affects life- and healthspan. Calorie restriction (CR)
is a non-genetic intervention that prevents age-associated diseases and extends
longevity in most of the animal models studied so far. CR produces a pleiotropic
effect and improves multiple metabolic pathways, generating benefits to the whole
organism. Among the effects of CR, modulation of mitochondrial activity and a
decrease in oxidative damage are two of the hallmarks. Oxidative damage is
reduced by the induction of endogenous antioxidant systems and modulation of the
peroxidability index in cell membranes. Mitochondrial activity changes are
regulated by inhibition of IGF-1 and Target of Rapamycin (TOR)-dependent
activities and activation of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) and the sirtuin family
of proteins. The activity of PGC-1? and FoxO is regulated by these systems and is
involved in mitochondria biogenesis, oxidative metabolism activity and
mitochondrial turnover. The use of mimetics and the regulation of common factors
have demonstrated that these molecular pathways are essential to explain the
effect of CR in the organism. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effect of CR is an
interesting emerging factor to be taken into consideration. In the present
revision we focus on the general effect of CR and other mimetics in longevity,
focusing especially on the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle.
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