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2014 ; 94
(4
): 1099-142
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Calcitonin gene-related peptide: physiology and pathophysiology
#MMPMID25287861
Russell FA
; King R
; Smillie SJ
; Kodji X
; Brain SD
Physiol Rev
2014[Oct]; 94
(4
): 1099-142
PMID25287861
show ga
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide.
Discovered 30 years ago, it is produced as a consequence of alternative RNA
processing of the calcitonin gene. CGRP has two major forms (? and ?). It belongs
to a group of peptides that all act on an unusual receptor family. These
receptors consist of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) linked to an
essential receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) that is necessary for full
functionality. CGRP is a highly potent vasodilator and, partly as a consequence,
possesses protective mechanisms that are important for physiological and
pathological conditions involving the cardiovascular system and wound healing.
CGRP is primarily released from sensory nerves and thus is implicated in pain
pathways. The proven ability of CGRP antagonists to alleviate migraine has been
of most interest in terms of drug development, and knowledge to date concerning
this potential therapeutic area is discussed. Other areas covered, where there is
less information known on CGRP, include arthritis, skin conditions, diabetes, and
obesity. It is concluded that CGRP is an important peptide in mammalian biology,
but it is too early at present to know if new medicines for disease treatment
will emerge from our knowledge concerning this molecule.