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CD4+ T Cells: guardians of the phagosome
#MMPMID24696433
Tubo NJ
; Jenkins MK
Clin Microbiol Rev
2014[Apr]; 27
(2
): 200-13
PMID24696433
show ga
CD4(+) T cells are key cells of the adaptive immune system that use T cell
antigen receptors to recognize peptides that are generated in endosomes or
phagosomes and displayed on the host cell surface bound to major
histocompatibility complex molecules. These T cells participate in immune
responses that protect hosts from microbes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Cryptococcus neoformans, Leishmania major, and Salmonella enterica, which have
evolved to live in the phagosomes of macrophages and dendritic cells. Here, we
review studies indicating that CD4(+) T cells control phagosomal infections
asymptomatically in most individuals by secreting cytokines that activate the
microbicidal activities of infected phagocytes but in a way that inhibits the
pathogen but does not eliminate it. Indeed, we make the case that localized,
controlled, persistent infection is necessary to maintain large numbers of CD4(+)
effector T cells in a state of activation needed to eradicate systemic and more
pathogenic forms of the infection. Finally, we posit that current vaccines for
phagosomal infections fail because they do not produce this "periodic reminder"
form of CD4(+) T cell-mediated immune control.
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