Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\27192564
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Immunity
2016 ; 44
(5
): 973-88
Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
CD28 Costimulation: From Mechanism to Therapy
#MMPMID27192564
Esensten JH
; Helou YA
; Chopra G
; Weiss A
; Bluestone JA
Immunity
2016[May]; 44
(5
): 973-88
PMID27192564
show ga
Ligation of the CD28 receptor on T cells provides a critical second signal
alongside T cell receptor (TCR) ligation for naive T cell activation. Here, we
discuss the expression, structure, and biochemistry of CD28 and its ligands. CD28
signals play a key role in many T cell processes, including cytoskeletal
remodeling, production of cytokines, survival, and differentiation. CD28 ligation
leads to unique epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational changes in
T cells that cannot be recapitulated by TCR ligation alone. We discuss the
function of CD28 and its ligands in both effector and regulatory T cells. CD28 is
critical for regulatory T cell survival and the maintenance of immune
homeostasis. We outline the roles that CD28 and its family members play in human
disease and we review the clinical efficacy of drugs that block CD28 ligands.
Despite the centrality of CD28 and its family members and ligands to immune
function, many aspects of CD28 biology remain unclear. Translation of a basic
understanding of CD28 function into immunomodulatory therapeutics has been
uneven, with both successes and failures. Such real-world results might stem from
multiple factors, including complex receptor-ligand interactions among CD28
family members, differences between the mouse and human CD28 families, and
cell-type specific roles of CD28 family members.
free
free
free
