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2015 ; 26
(7
): 411-5
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Brainstem morphological changes in Alzheimer s disease
#MMPMID25830491
Lee JH
; Ryan J
; Andreescu C
; Aizenstein H
; Lim HK
Neuroreport
2015[May]; 26
(7
): 411-5
PMID25830491
show ga
As brainstem nuclei are interconnected with several cortical structures and
regulate several autonomic, cognitive, and behavioral functions, it might be
important to place the brainstem within an important pathologic core in the
progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although there have been several
postmortem studies reporting neuropathological alterations of the brainstem in
AD, there has been no in-vivo structural neuroimaging study of the brainstem in
the patients with AD. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the
brainstem volume and shape between patients with AD and elderly normal controls.
Fifty AD patients (the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale ? 1) and 50 normal controls
were recruited, and the brainstem volumes and deformations were compared between
the AD and the controls. Patients with AD showed significant total volume [(mean
± SD) 21007 ± 1640?mm] reduction in the brainstem compared with the controls
[(mean ± SD) 22530 ± 1750?mm] (P<0.001). In addition, AD patients showed
significant brainstem deformations in the upper posterior brainstem corresponding
to the midbrain compared with the healthy individuals (false discovery rate
corrected P<0.05). This study is the first to explore brainstem volume change and
deformations in AD. These structural changes in the midbrain areas might be at
the core of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of brainstem dysfunction
with relevance to their various cognitive and behavioral symptoms such as memory
impairment, sleep, and emotional disturbance in AD. However, further longitudinal
studies might be needed to confirm these findings.