Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\26554045
.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Philos+Trans+R+Soc+Lond+B+Biol+Sci
2015 ; 370
(1684
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Brain evolution by brain pathway duplication
#MMPMID26554045
Chakraborty M
; Jarvis ED
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2015[Dec]; 370
(1684
): ä PMID26554045
show ga
Understanding the mechanisms of evolution of brain pathways for complex
behaviours is still in its infancy. Making further advances requires a deeper
understanding of brain homologies, novelties and analogies. It also requires an
understanding of how adaptive genetic modifications lead to restructuring of the
brain. Recent advances in genomic and molecular biology techniques applied to
brain research have provided exciting insights into how complex behaviours are
shaped by selection of novel brain pathways and functions of the nervous system.
Here, we review and further develop some insights to a new hypothesis on one
mechanism that may contribute to nervous system evolution, in particular by brain
pathway duplication. Like gene duplication, we propose that whole brain pathways
can duplicate and the duplicated pathway diverge to take on new functions. We
suggest that one mechanism of brain pathway duplication could be through gene
duplication, although other mechanisms are possible. We focus on brain pathways
for vocal learning and spoken language in song-learning birds and humans as
example systems. This view presents a new framework for future research in our
understanding of brain evolution and novel behavioural traits.