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2017 ; 12
(7
): e1320631
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Boron and the evolutionary development of roots
#MMPMID28692333
Kutschera U
; Niklas KJ
Plant Signal Behav
2017[Jul]; 12
(7
): e1320631
PMID28692333
show ga
Experimental work has shown that Boron (i.e., Boric acid, B) is an essential and
multifunctional microelement for vascular plant development. In addition to its
other functions, which include xylem development and lignin biosynthesis, we now
know that B is involved in phytohormone-signaling and influences the mechanical
properties of intercellular pectins. From these data, we conclude that B played
an important role during the evolutionary development of lignified tissues, and
that it may have been involved in the evolution of vascular plant roots, as
hypothesized by D. H. Lewis in 1980. Herein, we review the data pertaining to
Lewis' hypothesis, present experimental results on the role of B in root (vs.
rhizoid) formation in sunflower vs. a liverwort, and describe the appearance of
roots in the fossil record. Open questions are addressed, notably the lack of our
knowledge concerning soil microbes and their interactive roles with the
micronutrient B during root formation.
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