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2017 ; 24
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): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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Boosting the signal: Endothelial inward rectifier K(+) channels
#MMPMID27652592
Jackson WF
Microcirculation
2017[Apr]; 24
(3
): ä PMID27652592
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Endothelial cells express a diverse array of ion channels including members of
the strong inward rectifier family composed of K(IR) 2 subunits. These
two-membrane spanning domain channels are modulated by their lipid environment,
and exist in macromolecular signaling complexes with receptors, protein kinases
and other ion channels. Inward rectifier K(+) channel (K(IR) ) currents display a
region of negative slope conductance at membrane potentials positive to the K(+)
equilibrium potential that allows outward current through the channels to be
activated by membrane hyperpolarization, permitting K(IR) to amplify
hyperpolarization induced by other K(+) channels and ion transporters. Increases
in extracellular K(+) concentration activate K(IR) allowing them to sense
extracellular K(+) concentration and transduce this change into membrane
hyperpolarization. These properties position K(IR) to participate in the
mechanism of action of hyperpolarizing vasodilators and contribute to cell-cell
conduction of hyperpolarization along the wall of microvessels. The expression of
K(IR) in capillaries in electrically active tissues may allow K(IR) to sense
extracellular K(+) , contributing to functional hyperemia. Understanding the
regulation of expression and function of microvascular endothelial K(IR) will
improve our understanding of the control of blood flow in the microcirculation in
health and disease and may provide new targets for the development of
therapeutics in the future.
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