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Biosensors for whole-cell bacterial detection
#MMPMID24982325
Ahmed A
; Rushworth JV
; Hirst NA
; Millner PA
Clin Microbiol Rev
2014[Jul]; 27
(3
): 631-46
PMID24982325
show ga
Bacterial pathogens are important targets for detection and identification in
medicine, food safety, public health, and security. Bacterial infection is a
common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In spite of the availability
of antibiotics, these infections are often misdiagnosed or there is an
unacceptable delay in diagnosis. Current methods of bacterial detection rely upon
laboratory-based techniques such as cell culture, microscopic analysis, and
biochemical assays. These procedures are time-consuming and costly and require
specialist equipment and trained users. Portable stand-alone biosensors can
facilitate rapid detection and diagnosis at the point of care. Biosensors will be
particularly useful where a clear diagnosis informs treatment, in critical
illness (e.g., meningitis) or to prevent further disease spread (e.g., in case of
food-borne pathogens or sexually transmitted diseases). Detection of bacteria is
also becoming increasingly important in antibioterrorism measures (e.g., anthrax
detection). In this review, we discuss recent progress in the use of biosensors
for the detection of whole bacterial cells for sensitive and earlier
identification of bacteria without the need for sample processing. There is a
particular focus on electrochemical biosensors, especially impedance-based
systems, as these present key advantages in terms of ease of miniaturization,
lack of reagents, sensitivity, and low cost.
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