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2017 ; 4
(1
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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English Wikipedia
Biophysical Tools to Study Cellular Mechanotransduction
#MMPMID28952491
Muhamed I
; Chowdhury F
; Maruthamuthu V
Bioengineering (Basel)
2017[Feb]; 4
(1
): ä PMID28952491
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The cell membrane is the interface that volumetrically isolates cellular
components from the cell's environment. Proteins embedded within and on the
membrane have varied biological functions: reception of external biochemical
signals, as membrane channels, amplification and regulation of chemical signals
through secondary messenger molecules, controlled exocytosis, endocytosis,
phagocytosis, organized recruitment and sequestration of cytosolic complex
proteins, cell division processes, organization of the cytoskeleton and more. The
membrane's bioelectrical role is enabled by the physiologically controlled
release and accumulation of electrochemical potential modulating molecules across
the membrane through specialized ion channels (e.g., Na?, Ca(2+), K? channels).
The membrane's biomechanical functions include sensing external forces and/or the
rigidity of the external environment through force transmission, specific
conformational changes and/or signaling through mechanoreceptors (e.g., platelet
endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM), vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin,
epithelial (E)-cadherin, integrin) embedded in the membrane. Certain mechanical
stimulations through specific receptor complexes induce electrical and/or
chemical impulses in cells and propagate across cells and tissues. These
biomechanical sensory and biochemical responses have profound implications in
normal physiology and disease. Here, we discuss the tools that facilitate the
understanding of mechanosensitive adhesion receptors. This article is structured
to provide a broad biochemical and mechanobiology background to introduce a
freshman mechano-biologist to the field of mechanotransduction, with deeper study
enabled by many of the references cited herein.
free
free
free
