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2016 ; 10
(5
): 687-98
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Biology of Cholangiocytes: From Bench to Bedside
#MMPMID27563020
Yoo KS
; Lim WT
; Choi HS
Gut Liver
2016[Sep]; 10
(5
): 687-98
PMID27563020
show ga
Cholangiocytes, the lining epithelial cells in bile ducts, are an important
subset of liver cells. They are activated by endogenous and exogenous stimuli and
are involved in the modification of bile volume and composition. They are also
involved in damaging and repairing the liver. Cholangiocytes have many functions
including bile production. They are also involved in transport processes that
regulate the volume and composition of bile. Cholangiocytes undergo proliferation
and cell death under a variety of conditions. Cholangiocytes have functional and
morphological heterogenecity. The immunobiology of cholangiocytes is important,
particularly for understanding biliary disease. Secretion of different
proinflammatory mediators, cytokines, and chemokines suggests the major role that
cholangiocytes play in inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, paracrine secretion
of growth factors and peptides mediates extensive cross-talk with other liver
cells, including hepatocytes, stellate cells, stem cells, subepithelial
myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells. Cholangiopathy refers
to a category of chronic liver diseases whose primary disease target is the
cholangiocyte. Cholangiopathy usually results in end-stage liver disease
requiring liver transplant. We summarize the biology of cholangiocytes and
redefine the concept of cholangiopathy. We also discuss the recent progress that
has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy and how such
progress has influenced therapy.
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