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2015 ; 4
(4
): 881-906
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Biology of Bony Fish Macrophages
#MMPMID26633534
Hodgkinson JW
; Grayfer L
; Belosevic M
Biology (Basel)
2015[Nov]; 4
(4
): 881-906
PMID26633534
show ga
Macrophages are found across all vertebrate species, reside in virtually all
animal tissues, and play critical roles in host protection and homeostasis.
Various mechanisms determine and regulate the highly plastic functional
phenotypes of macrophages, including antimicrobial host defenses
(pro-inflammatory, M1-type), and resolution and repair functions
(anti-inflammatory/regulatory, M2-type). The study of inflammatory macrophages in
immune defense of teleosts has garnered much attention, and antimicrobial
mechanisms of these cells have been extensively studied in various fish models.
Intriguingly, both similarities and differences have been documented for the
regulation of lower vertebrate macrophage antimicrobial defenses, as compared to
what has been described in mammals. Advances in our understanding of the teleost
macrophage M2 phenotypes likewise suggest functional conservation through similar
and distinct regulatory strategies, compared to their mammalian counterparts. In
this review, we discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms
governing teleost macrophage functional heterogeneity, including monopoetic
development, classical macrophage inflammatory and antimicrobial responses as
well as alternative macrophage polarization towards tissues repair and resolution
of inflammation.
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