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2017 ; 27
(7
): 601-618
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Biological functions of fucose in mammals
#MMPMID28430973
Schneider M
; Al-Shareffi E
; Haltiwanger RS
Glycobiology
2017[Jul]; 27
(7
): 601-618
PMID28430973
show ga
Fucose is a 6-deoxy hexose in the l-configuration found in a large variety of
different organisms. In mammals, fucose is incorporated into N-glycans, O-glycans
and glycolipids by 13 fucosyltransferases, all of which utilize the
nucleotide-charged form, GDP-fucose, to modify targets. Three of the
fucosyltransferases, FUT8, FUT12/POFUT1 and FUT13/POFUT2, are essential for
proper development in mice. Fucose modifications have also been implicated in
many other biological functions including immunity and cancer. Congenital
mutations of a Golgi apparatus localized GDP-fucose transporter causes leukocyte
adhesion deficiency type II, which results in severe developmental and immune
deficiencies, highlighting the important role fucose plays in these processes.
Additionally, changes in levels of fucosylated proteins have proven as useful
tools for determining cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Chemically modified fucose
analogs can be used to alter many of these fucose dependent processes or as tools
to better understand them. In this review, we summarize the known roles of fucose
in mammalian physiology and pathophysiology. Additionally, we discuss recent
therapeutic advances for cancer and other diseases that are a direct result of
our improved understanding of the role that fucose plays in these systems.
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