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2015 ; 31
(3
): 156-61
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Biliary Mucosal Barrier and Microbiome
#MMPMID26468308
Verdier J
; Luedde T
; Sellge G
Viszeralmedizin
2015[Jun]; 31
(3
): 156-61
PMID26468308
show ga
BACKGROUND: The biliary system is in continuous contact with the complex
microbiota of the intestine. Microbial products have recently been proposed as
potential triggers for biliary diseases. METHODS: The aim of this review is to
provide a summary of the current knowledge regarding the role of the biliary and
intestinal microbiome in biliary inflammatory diseases. RESULTS: Previously, it
was suggested that the healthy biliary system is a sterile organ, while acute
cholangitis and cholecystitis may occur from ascending infections. Although
non-inflammatory biliary colonization by certain bacteria such as Salmonella spp.
has been already recognized since several decades, human and animal studies
indicated only very recently that the gallbladder harbors a complex microbiota
also under non-pathologic conditions. Novel findings suggested that - similar to
the situation in the intestine - the biliary mucosa features a chemical,
mechanical, and immunological barrier, ensuring immunological tolerance against
commensals. However, microbial triggers might influence acute and chronic
inflammatory disease of the biliary system and the whole liver. CONCLUSION:
Although yet undefined, dysbiosis of the biliary or intestinal microbiota rather
than a single microorganism may influence disease progression.
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