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Guan JL
; Simon AK
; Prescott M
; Menendez JA
; Liu F
; Wang F
; Wang C
; Wolvetang E
; Vazquez-Martin A
; Zhang J
Autophagy
2013[Jun]; 9
(6
): 830-49
PMID23486312
show ga
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process by which cytoplasmic components
are sequestered in autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. As
a major intracellular degradation and recycling pathway, autophagy is crucial for
maintaining cellular homeostasis as well as remodeling during normal development,
and dysfunctions in autophagy have been associated with a variety of pathologies
including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disease. Stem
cells are unique in their ability to self-renew and differentiate into various
cells in the body, which are important in development, tissue renewal and a range
of disease processes. Therefore, it is predicted that autophagy would be crucial
for the quality control mechanisms and maintenance of cellular homeostasis in
various stem cells given their relatively long life in the organisms. In contrast
to the extensive body of knowledge available for somatic cells, the role of
autophagy in the maintenance and function of stem cells is only beginning to be
revealed as a result of recent studies. Here we provide a comprehensive review of
the current understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of autophagy in
embryonic stem cells, several tissue stem cells (particularly hematopoietic stem
cells), as well as a number of cancer stem cells. We discuss how recent studies
of different knockout mice models have defined the roles of various autophagy
genes and related pathways in the regulation of the maintenance, expansion and
differentiation of various stem cells. We also highlight the many unanswered
questions that will help to drive further research at the intersection of
autophagy and stem cell biology in the near future.
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