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2014 ; 27
(3
): 361-8
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Autoimmune encephalitis as differential diagnosis of infectious encephalitis
#MMPMID24792345
Armangue T
; Leypoldt F
; Dalmau J
Curr Opin Neurol
2014[Jun]; 27
(3
): 361-8
PMID24792345
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review describes the main types of autoimmune
encephalitis with special emphasis on those associated with antibodies against
neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins, and the differential diagnosis with
infectious encephalitis. RECENT FINDINGS: There is a continuous expansion of the
number of cell surface or synaptic proteins that are targets of autoimmunity. The
most recently identified include the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5),
dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DPPX), and ?-aminobutyric acid-A receptor
(GABAAR). In these and previously known types of autoimmune encephalitis
[N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR),
?-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR),
?-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABABR), leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein
1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2)], the prodromal symptoms
or types of presentations often suggest a viral encephalitis. We review here
clues that help in the differential diagnosis with infectious encephalitis.
Moreover, recent investigations indicate that viral encephalitis (e.g., herpes
simplex) can trigger synaptic autoimmunity. In all these disorders, immunotherapy
is usually effective. SUMMARY: Autoimmune encephalitis comprises an expanding
group of potentially treatable disorders that should be included in the
differential diagnosis of any type of encephalitis. VIDEO ABSTRACT:
http://links.lww.com/CONR/A25,
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