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2017 ; 114
(9
): 149-159
Nephropedia Template TP
Banaschewski T
; Becker K
; Döpfner M
; Holtmann M
; Rösler M
; Romanos M
Dtsch Arztebl Int
2017[Mar]; 114
(9
): 149-159
PMID28351467
show ga
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common,
early-onset, persistent developmental disorder of childhood and adolescence, with
a prevalence of approximately 5%. METHODS: This article is based on publications
retrieved by a selective search in PubMed with an emphasis on pertinent
guidelines and systematic reviews. RESULTS: At least 75% of affected children and
adolescents develop a comorbid disorder, which impedes diagnosis and treatment
and worsens prognosis. The etiology of ADHD is complex and heterogeneous,
involving a major genetic component and diverse neurobiological alterations.
Prenatal environmental factors also seem to elevate the risk of ADHD. The
mainstays of treatment are psychoeducation, behavioral therapy, and psychoactive
drugs, which generally have only mild side effects, such as insomnia or decreased
appetite. The indication for treatment in the individual case is based on
severity, comorbidity, previous therapy attempts, and the familial, social, and
educational framework conditions. CONCLUSION: Translational research is needed to
clarify the etiology of ADHD. Epidemiological studies published since 1987 do not
reveal any increase in the prevalence of ADHD among children and adolescents.
Improved diagnosis necessitates an evidence-based and need-adapted approach to
treatment.
|*Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis/drug
therapy/epidemiology
[MESH]
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