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2017 ; 127
(8
): 3136-3151
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Astrocytic tight junctions control inflammatory CNS lesion pathogenesis
#MMPMID28737509
Horng S
; Therattil A
; Moyon S
; Gordon A
; Kim K
; Argaw AT
; Hara Y
; Mariani JN
; Sawai S
; Flodby P
; Crandall ED
; Borok Z
; Sofroniew MV
; Chapouly C
; John GR
J Clin Invest
2017[Aug]; 127
(8
): 3136-3151
PMID28737509
show ga
Lesions and neurologic disability in inflammatory CNS diseases such as multiple
sclerosis (MS) result from the translocation of leukocytes and humoral factors
from the vasculature, first across the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) and
then across the astrocytic glia limitans (GL). Factors secreted by reactive
astrocytes open the BBB by disrupting endothelial tight junctions (TJs), but the
mechanisms that control access across the GL are unknown. Here, we report that in
inflammatory lesions, a second barrier composed of reactive astrocyte TJs of
claudin 1 (CLDN1), CLDN4, and junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) subunits is
induced at the GL. In a human coculture model, CLDN4-deficient astrocytes were
unable to control lymphocyte segregation. In models of CNS inflammation and MS,
mice with astrocyte-specific Cldn4 deletion displayed exacerbated leukocyte and
humoral infiltration, neuropathology, motor disability, and mortality. These
findings identify a second inducible barrier to CNS entry at the GL. This barrier
may be therapeutically targetable in inflammatory CNS disease.