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2014 ; 369
(1654
): 20130599
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Astrocytes in endocannabinoid signalling
#MMPMID25225093
Navarrete M
; Díez A
; Araque A
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2014[Oct]; 369
(1654
): 20130599
PMID25225093
show ga
Astrocytes are emerging as integral functional components of synapses, responding
to synaptically released neurotransmitters and regulating synaptic transmission
and plasticity. Thus, they functionally interact with neurons establishing
tripartite synapses: a functional concept that refers to the existence of
communication between astrocytes and neurons and its crucial role in synaptic
function. Here, we discuss recent evidence showing that astrocytes are involved
in the endocannabinoid (ECB) system, responding to exogenous cannabinoids as well
as ECBs through activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptors, which increase
intracellular calcium and stimulate the release of glutamate that modulates
synaptic transmission and plasticity. We also discuss the consequences of ECB
signalling in tripartite synapses on the astrocyte-mediated regulation of
synaptic function, which reveal novel properties of synaptic regulation by ECBs,
such as the spatially controlled dual effect on synaptic strength and the lateral
potentiation of synaptic efficacy. Finally, we discuss the potential implications
of ECB signalling for astrocytes in brain pathology and animal behaviour.
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