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2015 ; 4
(4
): 690-713
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Assessing Bacterial Interactions Using Carbohydrate-Based Microarrays
#MMPMID27600247
Flannery A
; Gerlach JQ
; Joshi L
; Kilcoyne M
Microarrays (Basel)
2015[Dec]; 4
(4
): 690-713
PMID27600247
show ga
Carbohydrates play a crucial role in host-microorganism interactions and many
host glycoconjugates are receptors or co-receptors for microbial binding. Host
glycosylation varies with species and location in the body, and this contributes
to species specificity and tropism of commensal and pathogenic bacteria.
Additionally, bacterial glycosylation is often the first bacterial molecular
species encountered and responded to by the host system. Accordingly,
characterising and identifying the exact structures involved in these critical
interactions is an important priority in deciphering microbial pathogenesis.
Carbohydrate-based microarray platforms have been an underused tool for screening
bacterial interactions with specific carbohydrate structures, but they are
growing in popularity in recent years. In this review, we discuss
carbohydrate-based microarrays that have been profiled with whole bacteria,
recombinantly expressed adhesins or serum antibodies. Three main types of
carbohydrate-based microarray platform are considered; (i) conventional
carbohydrate or glycan microarrays; (ii) whole mucin microarrays; and (iii)
microarrays constructed from bacterial polysaccharides or their components.
Determining the nature of the interactions between bacteria and host can help
clarify the molecular mechanisms of carbohydrate-mediated interactions in
microbial pathogenesis, infectious disease and host immune response and may lead
to new strategies to boost therapeutic treatments.