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2015 ; 136
(ä): 365-80
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Array heterogeneity prevents catastrophic forgetting in infants
#MMPMID25543889
Zosh JM
; Feigenson L
Cognition
2015[Mar]; 136
(ä): 365-80
PMID25543889
show ga
Working memory is limited in adults and infants. But unlike adults, infants whose
working memory capacity is exceeded often fail in a particularly striking way:
they do not represent any of the presented objects, rather than simply
remembering as many objects as they can and ignoring anything further (Feigenson
& Carey, 2003, 2005). Here we explored the nature of this "catastrophic
forgetting," asking whether stimuli themselves modulate the way in which infants'
memory fails. We showed 13-month old infants object arrays that either were
within or that exceeded working memory capacity--but, unlike previous
experiments, presented objects with contrasting features. Although previous
studies have repeatedly documented infants' failure to represent four identical
hidden objects, in Experiments 1 and 2 we found that infants who saw four
contrasting objects hidden, and then retrieved just two of the four, successfully
continued searching for the missing objects. Perceptual contrast between objects
sufficed to drive this success; infants succeeded regardless of whether the
different objects were contrastively labeled, and regardless of whether the
objects were semantically familiar or completely novel. In Experiment 3 we
explored the nature of this surprising success, asking whether array
heterogeneity actually expanded infants' working memory capacity or rather
prevented catastrophic forgetting. We found that infants successfully continued
searching after seeing four contrasting objects hidden and retrieving two of
them, but not after retrieving three of them. This suggests that, like adults,
infants were able to remember up to, but not beyond, the limits of their working
memory capacity when representing heterogeneous arrays.