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Aptamers: Biomedical Interest and Applications
#MMPMID28300769
Romero-López C
; Berzal-Herranz A
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
2017[Mar]; 10
(1
): ? PMID28300769
show ga
Aptamers are short DNA or RNA oligonucleotides specialized in the specific and
efficient binding to a target molecule. They are obtained by in vitro selection
or evolution processes. It was in 1990 that two independent research groups
described the bases of a new in vitro technology for the identification of RNA
molecules able to specifically bind to a target [1,2]. Tuerk and Gold established
the principals of the in vitro selection process that was named SELEX (Systematic
Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment), which is based on iterative
cycles of binding, partitioning, and amplification of oligonucleotides from a
pool of variant sequences [2]. Ellington and Szostak coined the term aptamer to
define the selected molecules by the application of this method [1]. To date,
numerous reports have described the isolation of aptamers directed against a
great variety of targets covering a wide diversity of molecules varying in
nature, size, and complexity ranging from ions to whole cells, including small
molecules (e.g., aminoacids, nucleotides, antibiotics), peptides, proteins,
nucleic acids, and viruses, among others (for example, see [3-6]). Modifications
and optimization of the SELEX procedure aimed to get newly modified aptamers has
also attracted much interest (examples can be found in [7,8]). These advances
along with the parallel progresses in the nucleic acids chemistry and cellular
delivery fields have allowed for the rise of a new hope in developing aptamers as
efficient molecular tools for diagnostics and therapeutics (for recent
comprehensive reviews, see [9-11]).
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