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2015 ; 11
(20
): 2352-64
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Aptamers and their applications in nanomedicine
#MMPMID25677591
Sun H
; Zu Y
Small
2015[May]; 11
(20
): 2352-64
PMID25677591
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Aptamers are composed of short RNA or single-stranded DNA sequences that, when
folded into their unique 3D conformation, can bind to their targets with high
specificity and affinity. Although functionally similar to protein antibodies,
oligonucleotide aptamers offer several advantages over protein antibodies in
biomedical and clinical applications. Through the enhanced permeability and
retention effect, nanomedicines can improve the therapeutic index of a treatment
and reduce side effects by enhancing accumulation at the disease site. However,
this targets tumors passively and, thus, may not be ideal for targeted therapy.
To construct ligand-directed "active targeting" nanobased delivery systems,
aptamer-equipped nanomedicines have been tested for in vitro diagnosis, in vivo
imaging, targeted cancer therapy, theranostic approaches, sub-cellular molecule
detection, food safety, and environmental monitoring. This review focuses on the
development of aptamer-conjugated nanomedicines and their application for in vivo
imaging, targeted therapy, and theranostics.
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