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2016 ; 21
(3
): 215-22
Nephropedia Template TP
Neurosciences (Riyadh)
2016[Jul]; 21
(3
): 215-22
PMID27356651
show ga
A rare kind of antibody, known as anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
autoantibody, is found in some patients. The antibody works against the GAD
enzyme, which is essential in the formation of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), an
inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the brain. Patients found with this antibody
present with motor and cognitive problems due to low levels or lack of GABA,
because in the absence or low levels of GABA patients exhibit motor and cognitive
symptoms. The anti-GAD antibody is found in some neurological syndromes,
including stiff-person syndrome, paraneoplastic stiff-person syndrome, Miller
Fisher syndrome (MFS), limbic encephalopathy, cerebellar ataxia, eye movement
disorders, and epilepsy. Previously, excluding MFS, these conditions were
calledhyperexcitability disorders. However, collectively, these syndromes should
be known as "anti-GAD positive neurological syndromes." An important limitation
of this study is that the literature is lacking on the subject, and why patients
with the above mentioned neurological problems present with different symptoms
has not been studied in detail. Therefore, it is recommended that more research
is conducted on this subject to obtain a better and deeper understanding of these
anti-GAD antibody induced neurological syndromes.
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